BROWN MILLET
The millets are a group of small-seeded species of cereal crops, or grains, widely grown around the world for food and fodder. The millets include species in several genera, mostly in the subfamily Panicoideae, of the grass family Poaceae. Millet is one of the oldest foods known to humans and possibly the first cereal grain to be used for domestic purposes. It is mentioned in the Bible, and was used during those times to make bread. Millet has been used in Africa and India as a staple food for thousands of years and it was grown as early as 2700 BC in China where it was the prevalent grainbefore rice became the dominant staple. Millets are rich in B vitamins, especially niacin, B6 and folacin, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, and zinc. The seeds are also rich in phytochemicals, including Phytic acid, which is believed to lower cholesterol, and Phytate, which is associated with reduced cancer risk. Millets do not contain gluten. It is remarkable that despite the grain being an ancient food, research on millet and its food value is in its infancy and its potential vastly untapped16.

CHUFA
Chufa has other names such as tiger nut, zulu nut, yellow nut grass, ground almond, edible rush, and rush nut. It is one of two major species of the nuts edge genus Cyperus found throughout Florida on all types of soil from rock land to muck.
Tiger nuts have excellent nutritional qualities with a fat composition similar to olives and a rich mineral content, especially phosphorus and potassium. Tiger nuts are also gluten and cholesterol free, and have very low sodium content. The oil of the tuber was found to contain 18% saturated (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and 82% unsaturated (oleic acid and linoleic acid) fatty acids5.

CURCUMA (GINGER)
Curcuma is a genus of about 80 accepted species in the plant family Zingiberaceae that contains such species as turmeric and Siam Tulip. A type of ginger it has also historically been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, although medical studies as to the efficacy of ginger in decreasing inflammation have shown mixed results. There are several studies that demonstrate a decrease in joint pain from arthritis after taking ginger, though the results have not been consistent from study to study. It may also have blood thinning and cholesterol lowering properties, making it theoretically effective in treating heart disease7.

DOLOMITE
Dolomite is the name of a sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both omposed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals.
In nutrition, dolomite is used as a dietary supplement on the assumption that it should make a good simultaneous source of the two important elemental nutrients calcium and magnesium

FLAX
Flax (also known as Common Flax or Linseed) is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. Flax is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. It was extensively cultivated in ancient Egypt. Flax is grown both for its seed and for its fibers. Flax seed owes its nutritional b to lignans and omega-3 essential fatty acids. Omega-3s, often in short supply in populations with low-fish diets, promote heart health by reducing cholesterol, blood pressure and plaqu formation in arteries. In addition, flaxseed oil is often recommended as a galactagogue. Lignans benefit the heart and possess anti-cancer properties: A series of research studies by Lilian U. Thompson and her colleagues at the Department of Nutritional Science of the University of Toronto have reported that flaxseed can have a beneficial effect in reducing tumor growth in mice, particularly the kind of tumor found in human post-menopausal breast cancer13

HORSERADISH
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, syn. Cochlearia armoracia) is a perennial plant of the Brassicaceae family, which includes mustard and cabbages. The plant is probably native to southeastern Europe and western Asia, but is popular around the world today. Known to have diuretic properties, the roots have been used to treat various minor health problems, including urinary tract infections, bronchitis, sinus congestion, and coughs. Horseradish contains potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, as well as volatile oils, such as mustard oil, which is antibiotic. Fresh, the plant contains 177.9 mg/100 g of vitamin C

ISOFLAVONES
Isoflavones can be found in many foods but the best known source is the soy bean (Glycine max).
The soy isoflavones are responsible for most of the soy health benefits. A recent study has demonstrated that isoflavones have potent antioxidant properties, comparable to that of the well known antioxidant vitamin E. The antioxidant powers of isoflavones can reduce the long-term risk of cancer by preventing free radical damage to DNA.
Research in several areas of healthcare has shown that consumption of isoflavones may play a role in lowering risk for disease. They can fight disease on several fronts. The following potential health benefits are attributed to

isoflavones:
� Ease menopause symptoms - Recent studies have found that soy isoflavones can reduce menopause symptoms such as hot flushes and increase bone density in women.
� Reduce heart disease risk - Soy isoflavones also appear to reduce cardiovascular disease risk;
Isoflavones inhibit the growth of cells that form artery clogging plaque. These arteries usually form blood clots which can lead to a heart attack. A review of 38 controlled studies on soy and heart disease concluded that soy is definitely effective for improving cholesterol profile. There is some evidence that isoflavones are the active ingredients in soy responsible for improving cholesterol profile.
� Protect against prostate problems - Isoflavones may be beneficial for men's health because they may protect against enlargement of the male prostate gland. Studies show isoflavones slowed prostate cancer growth and caused prostate cancer cells to die.
� Isoflavones improve bone health - Soy Isoflavones help in the preservation of the bone substance and fight osteoporosis. Unlike oestrogen, which helps prevent the destruction of bone, evidence suggests that isoflavones may also assist in creating new bone.
� Reduce cancer risk - Isoflavones seem to protect against tumours because they act against cancer cells in a way similar to many common cancer-treating drugs. Population-based studies show a strong association between consumption of isoflavones and a reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancer. Women who ate the most soy products and other foods rich in isoflavones reduced their risk of endometrial cancer by 54%.

LACTIC ACID
Lactic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), also known as milk acid, is a chemical compound that plays a role in several biochemical processes. Lactic acid is chiral and has two optical isomers. One is known as L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-(-)- lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid. L-(+)-Lactic acid is the biologically important isomer.
In humans, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise17. Lactic acid fermentation is also performed by Lactobacillus bacteria. These bacteria can operate in the mouth; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as caries. Lactic acid is primarily found in sour milk products, such as:
koumiss, leban, yogurt, kefir and some cottage cheeses. The casein in fermented milk is coagulated (curdled) by lactic acid18.

LUPIN
Lupin, often spelled lupine in North America, is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae.
The genus comprises between 150-200 species, and has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean region6. Lupins are also cultivated as forage and grain legumes. Three Mediterranean species of lupin, (Blue Lupin, White Lupin and Yellow Lupin) are cultivated for human consumptio

Pollen
Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes (pollen grains), which produce the male gametes (sperm cells) of seed plants.
The pollen grain with its hard coat protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens of the flower to the pistil of the next flower. Each pollen grain contains vegetative cells (only one in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative cell containing a tube nucleus (that produces the pollen tube) and a generative nucleus (that divides to form the two sperm cells). The group of cells is surrounded by a cellulose cell wall and a thick, tough outer wall made of sporopollenin.
The smallest pollen grain, that of the Forgetme not plant (Myosotis sp.), is around 6 µm (0.006 mm) in diameter. Insects involuntarily transporting pollen from flower to flower play an important role in many plants' reproductive cycles.

RYE
Rye (Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe (Triticeae) and is closely related to barley and wheat. Rye grain is used for flour, rye bread, rye beer, some whiskies, some vodkas, and animal fodder. It can also be eaten whole, either as boiled rye berries, o by being rolled, similar to rolled oats. Since the Middle Ages, rye has been widely cultivated in Central and Eastern Europe and is the main bread cereal in most areas east of the French-Ge border and north of Hungary. Rye flour has lower gluten content than wheat flour, and contains a higher proportion of soluble fibre.
Some other uses of rye include rye whiskey and use as an alterna medicine in a liquid form, known as rye extract. It is a liquid obtain from rye and similar to that extracted from wheatgrass. Its benefits are said to include a strengthened immune system, increased en levels and relief from allergies9.

SEA BUCKTHORN (SANDDORN)
The sea-buckthorns are deciduous shrubs in the genus Hippophae, family Elaeagnaceae. There are three species, native over a wide area across Europe and Asia. They reach 0.5-6 m tall, rarely up to 18 m in central Asia, and typically occur in dry, sandy areas. They are tolerant of salt in the air and soil, but demand full sunlight for good growth and cannot tolerate shady conditions near larger trees.
Sea Buckthorn is a traditional medicinal plant in many European and Asian countries. Studies conducted in 20th century confirm numerous beneficial nutritional properties of Sea Buckthorn. The berries appear to be an unsurpassed natural source of vitamins A and several other carotenes, vitamin E and several other tocopherols. Sea Buckthorn berries is second only to Rose hips and Acerola in vitamin C content. They are also rich in several other vitamins, including B1, B2, K and P as well as in numerous flavonoids. Furthermore, the berries have remarkably high content of essential fatty acids and phytosterols.
Sea-buckthorn berries are multipurpose, edible and nutritious, though very acidic and astringent, unpleasant to eat raw, unless 'bletted' (frosted to reduce the astringency) and/or mixed as a juice with sweeter substances such as apple juice or grape juice. Oil from the seeds and berries has numerous uses in traditional medicine. It is used as a healing remedy for many ulcerative and inflammation-related disorders such as canker sores, esophagitis, peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and cervicitis [3].

SILICON (SILICON DIOXIDE)
Silicon is a non-metallic element with atomic number 14 and symbol Si. In the periodic table, it is in the same group as carbon and is carbon's closest relative. Silicon is, next to oxygen, the most abundant element in the earth's crust and is found in plants, animals and in most living organisms.
Silicon dioxide or silica is absorbed in the body. The mechanisms of silicon absorption are unknown. Silicon is not bound in plasma, where it is believed to exist almost entirely as monomeric silicic acid. Most of the silicon in the body is found in connective tissues, such as in bone, tendons, the trachea,the aorta, skin, hair and nails14.
The chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is the oxide of silicon, chemical formula SiO2. Silica is found in nature in several forms, including quartz and opal. In fact, 35 crystalline forms have been identified15.
The most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica, usually in the form of quartz because the considerable hardness of this mineral resists erosion.
Additionally, many forms of life also contain silica structures (biogenic silica), including microorganisms such as diatoms, plants such as horsetail, and animals such as hexactinellid sponges. It is present in the cell walls of various plants (including edible ones) to strengthen their structural integrity.

SOY
The soy plant (Glycine max) was cultivated in China before 3000 B.C., and was classified as one of the five sacred crops for its use in crop rotation as a method of fixing nitrogen. Soybeans have been a crucial crop in eastern Asia since long before written records, and they are still a major crop in China, Korea, and Japan today. Among the legumes, the soybean, also classed as an oilseed, is pre-eminent for its high (38–45%) protein content as well as its high (20%) oil content.
Soybeans are a source of complete protein. A complete protein is one that contains significant amounts of all the essential amino acids that must be provided to the human body because of the body's inability to synthesize them. Soybeans also contain isoflavones that are considered by some nutritionists and physicians to be useful in the prevention of cancer1.
Soy products such as tofu, soy butter, soy nuts, should be beneficial to cardiovascular and overall health because of their high content of polyunsaturated fats, fibre, vitamins, and minerals and low content of saturated fat. Using these and other soy foods to replace foods high in animal protein that contain saturated fat andcholesterol may confer benefits to cardiovascular health2.

SPELT (DINKEL)
Spelt (Triticum spelta) was an important wheat species in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times. It now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe, but has found a new market as a health food.
Spelt contains about 57.9 percent carbohydrates (excluding 9.2 percent fibre), 17.0 percent protein and 3.0 percent fat, as well as dietary minerals and vitamins4.

TOPINAMBUR
The The Girasole (Helianthus tuberosus L.), also called the sun root or sun choke or topinambur, is a flowering plant native to North America grown throughout the temperate world for its tuber, which is used as a root vegetable.
The artichoke part of the Girasole name comes from the taste of its edible tuber, which is somewhat similar to radish and artichoke. The tubers are gnarly and uneven, vaguely resembling ginger root, with a crisp texture when raw.
Unlike most tubers, but in common with other members of the Asteraceae , the tubers store the carbohydrate inulin (not to be confused with insulin) instead of starch.
For this reason, Girasole tubers are an important source of fructose for industry3

TURMERIC (GINGER)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a member of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It’s also called tumeric or kunyit in some Asian countries. Its dried roots are ground into a deep yellow spice commonly used in curries and other South Asian cuisine.
Its active ingredient is curcumin and it has an earthy, bitter, peppery flavour. In the Ayurvedic medicine, turmeric is thought to have many medicinal properties and many in India use it as a readily available antiseptic for cuts and burns. Whenever there is a cut or a bruise, the home remedy is to reach for turmeric powder. Ayurvedic doctors say it has fluoride which is essential for teeth.
It is also used as an antibacterial agent. It is only in recent years that Western scientists have increasingly recognised the medicinal properties of turmeric.
According to a 2005 article in the Wall Street Journal titled, "Common Indian Spice Stirs Hope," research activity into curcumin, the active ingredient in turmeric, is exploding. Two hundred and fifty-six curcumin papers were published in the past year according to a search of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Supplement sales have increased 35% from 2004, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health has four clinical trials underway to study curcumin treatment for pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma, Alzheimer's, and colorectal cancer. A recent study involving mice has shown that turmeric slows the spread of breast cancer into lungs and other body parts. Turmeric also enhances the effect of taxol in reducing metastasis of breast cancer8.

YEAST
Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. Approximately 1,500 species of yeasts have been described19, most of which reproduce asexually by budding, although in a few cases by binary fission. Yeasts are unicellular, although some species with yeast forms may become multi cellular through the formation of a string of connected budding cells known as pseudohyphae, or true hyphae as seen in most moulds20.
Yeasts size can vary greatly depending on the species, typically measuring 3 to 7 micrometers in diameter, although some yeast can reach over 40 µm21. It is an excellent source of protein and vitamins, especially the B-complex vitamins, whose functions are related to metabolism as well as other minerals and cofactors required for growth. It is also naturally low in fat and sodium22.

ZEOLITE
Zeolites (Greek, zein, "to boil"; lithos, "a stone") are minerals that have a micro-porous structure. They are basically hydrated alumino-silicate minerals with an "open" structure that can accommodate a wide variety of cations, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and others. These positive ions are rather loosely held and can readily be exchanged for others in a contact solution. Natural zeolites form where volcanic rocks and ash layers react with alkaline groundwater.